Infectious Disease
LESSON OBJECTIVES
- Describe drug-resistant infections
- State how the transmission of the influenza virus (flu) occurs
- Investigate the role of the EMS provider in disease reporting
- Compare an epidemic to a pandemic
- Assess the differences between sepsis and septic shock
LESSON CONTENT
I. Anti-microbial resistance
a. Microbes resist the effects of medications/treatments
i. Germs are not killed; growth is not stopped
b. Difficult to treat
c. Anyone is susceptible; some must be more cautious, such as those with:
i. Weakened immune systems
ii. Open skin wounds
iii. Recent surgery
iv. Invasive procedures (PICC lines, IVs, in-dwelling catheters, etc.)
d. Occurrence
i. World-wide
ii. Ongoing battles within institutions (hospitals, clinics, etc.)
e. Common antibiotic resistant infections
i. MRSA
ii. VRE
iii. VRSA
iv. TB
v. Clostridium difficile (C-Diff)
III. Influenza (flu)
a. 15CDC Information and Statistics:
i. The combination of influenza and pneumonia is currently the eighth leading cause of death in the U.S.
ii. More people die from it than from kidney disease or suicide
b. Influenza viruses
i. Spread from person to person via
1. Large-particle respiratory droplet transmission
a. Requires close contact between source and recipient persons
2. Contact with respiratory-droplet contaminated surfaces
3. Airborne transmission by small-particle residue of evaporated droplets
ii. Typical incubation period is 1-4 days (average: 2 days)
iii. Contagiousness begins the day before symptoms start and lasts 5-10 days
iv. Children may be contagious several days before becoming symptomatic, lasting ten or more days after onset
v. Severely immunocompromised persons can shed virus for weeks or months
vi. Influenza vaccines
1. 60% effective (varies with vaccine and flu strain)
Content Creator: Maddy Browning
CAPCE Course Number: 21-EMTP-F3-1312
NJ Course Number: 141133
Total CE Hours: 1
Level: Basic
EMT-CE uses the NEMSES guidelines as the foundation for every course outline.
